S.545

Classifies xylazine as a Schedule III controlled substance and mandates reports on its trafficking and misuse.

Classifies xylazine as a Schedule III controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act, delaying certain regulatory requirements for a year. Requires the Attorney General to submit a report within 18 months assessing the prevalence and impacts of illicit xylazine use, followed by another report four years later on trafficking and misuse. Directs the United States Sentencing Commission to review and adjust sentencing guidelines for offenses involving xylazine. Exempts existing xylazine manufacturers from immediate capital expenditures for security upgrades.